Down Syndrome: An Informative Essay -- Birth Defect Health

Down Syndrome An Informative EssayDown Syndrome is the name for babies born with a disorder related totheir chromosomes. It is caused when litotes occurs and an error occurs in thecells development. The reason for this defect is often because the parent isover 40 or for some other reason their meiosis is not Up to par.The actual defect is an extra chromosome is developed during celldevelopment. The abnormal development results in 47 chromosomes rather than theusual 46 (23 from each parent).This extra cistron causes problems in the childs physical and mental development.There are an estimated 5000 babies with Down Syndrome born in America everysingle year. While the chances of having a Down Syndrome tiddler are slim, (1 in1000) it is still an issue that...

Understanding Diabetes Essay -- Disease Health Diabetes Essays Papers

Understanding DiabetesMillions of people throughout the United States are affected by diabetes. It is considered to be one of the leading causes of death. But what exactly is it? What are the symptoms and how do we prevent it? The goal of this essay is for you to understand the answers to these questions, and be able to apply your newly gained knowledge to your own life, hopefully decreasing your risk of growing diabetes.To understand what diabetes is, you must first have an understanding of the processes that your body goes through to maintain a healthy blood sugar level. After eating a meal glucose, or simple sugar, is released into you blood. Your blood sugar level rises, which alerts your pancreas to release a hormone called insulin. Insulin is what tells your cells to take the glucose and use it for either energy or change over it to glycogen. Glycogen is the stored form of glucose, which is later broken back down to glucose as your body needs energy. When the glucos e is taken up by the cells for energy or reborn into storage form, your blood sugar returns to a normal level called homeostasis.Now that we have a general idea of how our body regulates sugar intake we mickle discuss exactly what diabetes is. It is a disease in which your body is unable to use glucose for energy, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. There are a some different types of diabetes. In some cases, a persons body does not make insulin at all. Thus, there is no insulin to tell your cells to use the glucose for energy. This is called type 1 diabetes, or it was previously known as juvenile diabetes. Only 5 to 10% of diabetes cases are diagnosed as type 1 (Grosvenor & Smolin, 93). It is usually spy before a pers... ...t is usually treatable, diabetes is a serious, scary disease. If it is not taken care of it can cause other serious complications such as bone marrow disease, blindness, and kidney failure. Although the exact cause is unknown, you should realize that there are many things you can do to prevent yourself from developing diabetes. Diet and exercise is the key. Now it is time that you draw up your knowledge to use. Keep yourself healthy and at a lower risk of developing one of Americas leading causes of death. Works CitedAmerican Diabetes acquaintance. 14 Feb 2004 diabetes.jspGrosvenor, Mary B. and Lori A. Smolin. Nutrition Science & Applications. 4th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2003. National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse. 15 Feb 2004

How to Become an Effective Hitter Essay -- Expository Process Essays

How to Become an Effective Hitter Babe Ruth is known for his 714 home runs. However, few people realize the other statistic he holds, which is having the most strikeouts of any player in the major league. This statistic helps to prove there is only a slight difference between a good jar against and a strike. To become a good hitter in base swelling, three fundamentals are necessary. First, the batters stance in the batters box, second, the batters eye contact on the ball, and third, the batters slice are the three fundamentals a good hitter will possess. First, a good stance in the batters box is required to hit the ball successfully. The stance is not only important to the hitter, but it informs the defense of the location of the hit. Therefore, the batter wants to conceal as much information as possible from the opposition. A batter can conceal the balls direction by having a proper stance. The proper stance is one where the batters feet are comfortably apart about 12 to 24 inches. The front foot should not give any indication of pulling the ball down either base li...

Private Education vs Public Education Essay -- essays papers

Private Education vs Public EducationPublic Education v/s Private Education A persons direction is one of the most important factors in determining whether or not they will become a productive member of society. That is why when considering an facts of life the tone of the education is almost as important as the education itself. So when private schools came into the picture the debate then began between public and private schools. facing the technological revolution that we are going through without a good quality education a person will be left behind. rase though public and private schools are separate institutions they have to follow certain guidelines so there are a lot of similarities between the two. much(prenominal) as, both school systems have the intentions of giving their students the best education within their means. Both have educated professionals that have decided to devote the rest of their careers to furthering the education of our youth. They each ha ve set up rules hoping to keep it a positive learning environment. They both use standardized testing as a irradiation to evaluate the progress of their students. They can also access the weaknesses from these tests to improve the curriculum that they have composed. They also have clubs like volunteer groups that help out race in their surrounding community. There are also student governments where students elect students to improve upon the learning environment in which they are. Schools also have...

Macbeth :: essays research papers

"Macbeth Essay"     In the play Macbeth we hang many common themes that do emerge. One of which is the theme of ambition which volition at the end eventually lead to the death of the main character. We see this in the eventual death of both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. In this essay I hope to show the dominant theme of ambition and how it leads to the downfall of the main characters in the play.     We first start to see Macbeth getting his ambition to become great power in his quote when he says "if chance exit have me king, why chance may crown me, without my stir"(I.iii.34-37). Here we see that Macbeth is growing ardent and eager to become the king. He just doesn&8217t want to sit back and wait for himself to be crowned and let destiny hightail it it&8217s course, he wants to be part of it when it happens, and he wants to be king right now. And this is when it all turns downhill. He is starting to become very challe nging for the thrown. We testament also soon see that he will stop at nothing short of killing the current king and he will even go so far as to kill one of his friends, and try to kill his son in order to try and become the refreshed king.      Next we see this theme again when Macbeth says "Me thought I heard a voice cry "Sleep no more, Macbeth does murder sleep," the innocent sleep"(II.ii.64-66). Here again we see Macbeth is starting to hear voices and he is starting to go a little crazy. Here is where things really start to head downhill, and they go down fast. Because of Macbeth&8217s ambition for king he has killed the current king. Now he thinks he is hearing voices that keep him from getting his sleep. And as we will later see, Macbeth will eventually die due to his over eager ambition to become the new king. The event of killing the king will stage into play a whole chain of events that will soon show the downfall of Macbeth from h is short lived thrown.     On the other hand we can also see this ambition with Lady Macbeth. She also shows us the signs that she is getting over ambitious to become the new queen when she says "Thou wouldst be great Art not without Ambition, but without, the illness should attend it"(I.

Macbeth :: essays research papers

"Macbeth Essay"     In the play Macbeth we see many common themes that do emerge. one of which is the theme of ambition which will at the end eventually lead to the death of the main character. We see this in the eventual death of both Macbeth and maam Macbeth. In this essay I hope to show the dominant theme of ambition and how it leads to the downfall of the main characters in the play.     We first start to see Macbeth getting his ambition to become king in his quote when he says "if chance will have me king, why chance may crown me, without my stir"(I.iii.34-37). present we see that Macbeth is growing impatient and eager to become the king. He just doesn&8217t want to sit back and wait for himself to be laurelled and let destiny run it&8217s course, he wants to be part of it when it happens, and he wants to be king right now. And this is when it all turns downhill. He is outset to become very ambitious for the thr own. We will also soon see that he will stop at nothing short of violent death the veritable king and he will even go so far as to kill one of his friends, and try to kill his son in localize to try and become the new king.      Next we see this theme again when Macbeth says "Me thought I heard a voice cry "Sleep no more, Macbeth does murder sleep," the innocent sleep"(II.ii.64-66). Here again we see Macbeth is starting to hear voices and he is starting to go a little crazy. Here is where things real start to head downhill, and they go down fast. Because of Macbeth&8217s ambition for king he has killed the current king. Now he thinks he is hearing voices that limit him from getting his sleep. And as we will later see, Macbeth will eventually die due to his over eager ambition to become the new king. The event of killing the king will set into play a whole chain of events that will soon show the downfall of Macbeth from his short lived thro wn.     On the other contribute we can also see this ambition with Lady Macbeth. She also shows us the signs that she is getting over ambitious to become the new queen when she says "Thou wouldst be great Art not without Ambition, but without, the illness should attend it"(I.

A person I would like to become

Everybody goes about intent being some(prenominal) he is or doing whatever he is supposed to be, but in the heart of hearts, everyone has a longing a longing to be someone else other than being himself.What do you sine qua non to be is an often-asked question. If I were to be asked whom I want to be, at least for as brief a time as one day, my answer would be sustain Teresa.Mother Teresas life is what I would c every last(predicate) a perfect life. To leave ones own country and people and go to a totally alien county at a tender age to serve the underprivileged people requires tremendous energy and faith. Mother Teresa was an embodiment of purity, love, and selflessness.Mother Teresa, as everyone knows, had to endure a lot of tribulations because she started from absolutely nothing. Yet her love and compassion for the poor and neglected made her stick to her task. Nobody can hazard the strength and determination housed in the fragile body. She was a blessed soul with a vision, and it was her faith in God and humanity that kept her going forth with her noble task. It is a boon to even know her. So, if there is one person who I would want to be, then without any doubt, it would be Mother Teresa. level(p) at the peak of her popularity, Mother Teresa was simple and modest. That a person can still be so simple in the midst of all the popularity baffles me. Her life had a purpose. Mother Teresa has made the lives of countless people worth living. Known also as Saint of the Gutters, Mother Teresa started an order of nuns, the Missionaries of Charity in Calcutta and the strength grew from 12 sisters to over 3000 in just 50 years.To see God in all His creation, especially the poor, the underprivileged, the neglected, is something very rare, and it is this rarity in her which inspired me all the more, and I would embrace any opportunity to be Mother Teresa, at least for a brief period.ReferenceThe Mother Teresa of Calcutta Memorial page, Electronic Version Retrie ved on June 4, 2005, from http//www.catholic.net

The Lost Generation

Both Remarques All Quiet on the Western Front and Hemingways The Sun Also Rises relate to the theme of despondency during the lose generation. Remarques story is set during the contend from a younger German spend, Paul, through him the injury and difficulties are presented as fruitless and with out a principal(prenominal) goal to look forward to when they return home. Throughout the military travels of the younger soldiers wish Paul, Remarques view on wars disadvantages on people are clearly stated through the eyes of Paul.Towards the end of his life, he grows happy to die and is glad to chance away from all the distress emotionally and physically he and his comrades had to endure during the battle. Carrying on through the book is the sense of empty expectlessness that nothing allow become good and there is nothing to look forward to later their arrival home. On the former(a) side, Hemingways older veteran characters, Jake and Brett, play the affair of two empty people who are looking for direction in life after the devastating war.Jake only becomes a redeem qualified character through his journey to overcome his psychological and physical damage from the war and gains sympathy. However Brett does not earn any more than respect or accomplishes any crop in overcoming her war wounds. This takes its own path in the end when Jake moves on from Bretts taunting attitudes and starts to gain his balance in life again. Hemingways hopelessness is conveyed more positively than Remarques critical outlook on war. Throughout both book the characters struggle with their emotional difficulties to stay attuned to their prewar lives and struggle with hope for the future.However Hemingway takes the path of a more positive ending while Remarque creates a happy doom for his brave, suffering characters. in that respect are many parallels in the midst of the characters in each book enough though the themes and perspectives are entirely different. The main point se rves the same purpose, whereas the disordered generation was hopeless unless they rarely sawing machine a glimpse of the future after recovery. The tone of the overall book has an al virtually empty and predictable attitude somewhat it, the men have no hope for themselves, and they do not convey a sense of need to corroborate home or to survive but merely to continue to take orders until the end.The hopelessness conveyed by the characters in All Quiet on the Western Front is the kind of hopelessness when you know you cannot personally change the outcome of your component knowing the future results in death. Most of the reality of the brutal war is exposed through battles or bluntly stated by another overwrought soldier. A sense of urgency is not present when knowing that at any moment a comrade could be returning with screams of intolerable pain. Knowing any day that he can live will be howling with torture (72).The lack of urgency communicates that death is a causal event dur ing war and the witnesses are used to the terrible sight of mangled or dead bodies. Some even accept that they will one day become akin those they see in pain and fear life over death. Every face can be read on the appearance of each soldier who knows they are subject to the embrace of the front (53). Faces can easily be read because the same fate awaits all the soldiers, death and no hope. The characters see no future and are trudging along in an empty cycle.The circle is completed with unfilled desires to keep living when the discovery of Paul with his face of calm expression as though almost glad the end had come establishes that he was happy to leave pain, suffering and damaged forthcoming opportunities to a peaceful afterlife (296). The lost generation shared a common fate which ruined them for everything upcoming in the future to better their lives such as a family or a job offer as mentioned by various characters but created disappointment at the realization their dreams wou ld not come true.This contributed to the plummeting nipings the lost generation carried with them. Hemingway disguises his characters want for salvation and amount of hopelessness they feel. The book has a more up beat consistency than All Quiet on the Western Front and more is verbalise in what the Jake is not saying than what he and Brett bluntly state. Brett cannot be with Jake because she would tromper or commit adultery since Jake cannot satisfy her needs sexually (62). Instead Jake secretively takes a prostitute out to dinner but ends up dumping her on his friends while he leaves with Brett.Jake did not sleep with the prostitute, Georgette, because he felt ashamed and disoriented about his physical injury from the war. He does not feel man enough to sleep with a prostitute, he feels discouraged about his future plans and energy to gain happiness as part of the lost generation. To fill the void opened from war, Jake, Brett and their comrades drink to trip their persisting troubles and pains. Jake has a miserable life and to shew it better he finds it easier to get drunk and not fix his problems. Dont get drunk, Jake, she Brett said. You dont have to. Dont, she said. Youll be alright. Brett reassures Jake (245). The pain and emptiness ceases with alcohol and distracts from the wars wounds. Contrasting to Paul and the other lost generation soldiers in All Quiet on the Western Front, Jake proves he is able to redeem himself and looks to the future. Jake uses religion as a parallel to his emotional stability. When starting out Jake was not religious and just went through the movements of going to church and macrocosm a good Catholic, however as he progresses he finds that he should care more about religion and has a want to be more involved.The parallel of him wanting to be more involved is when he breaks away from Brett and starts off new and for the first time believes in his future after he returned from the war. Jakes break through occurred whe n he stoop up, gripped with his toes on the edge of the raft as it tipped with his weight, and dove cleanly and deeply, to come up through the lightening water, blew the salt water out of his head, and swam slowly and steadily to shore (242). As Jake comes out of the water, he symbolizes a baptism and the rebirth of himself into a more understanding and less negative man.Along with becoming less frightened of the future Jake was able to let go of Brett and her ability to draw men in. He finally cleansed himself of her and his past troubles and looks to days ahead. Rarely does Jake interact with a genuine character, more often does he associates with deceptive, greedy, manipulative or mean people of the lost generation. The main character that is sympathetic is Jake, he battles the most with his physical injury and because of that, Brett puts him through emotional misery.Even as Brett kissed Jake he could tell she was thinking of something else and finally silent that she just used him for her own personal benefit (245). After his baptism Jake was close to moving on from Brett and almost did until she pulled him back in again. The fact that Brett is thinking about someone else is the last straw for Jake and he is done with her. From this kiss on, Jake is cold and a little immature towards Brett. This signifies his final connection with her emotionally and he takes locomote to begin a new life. Brett consciously talks bout her other men with Jake while she knows how he feels about her. She almost flaunts them in front of Jake by complimenting them saying hes my sort of thing (247). Brett is attracted to the bad boys who show her attention but arent controlling. She disregards Jake as a candidate for her commitment and do it since he cannot satisfy her sexually she only uses him emotionally then ditches him when a better offer comes along. She is aware she cannot be with him and it hurts him to see her go off with men, however she does nothing to change this.S he even goes as far as to bring the men over to Jakes place to have a drink. Because of her blatant contempt for anyone but herself she is not a redeemable character and no sympathy is given to her. Jake is the only character that merits sympathy while Brett does not even deserve respect from Jake. Similar to sympathy, Jake becomes a redeemable character towards the end of his journey with Brett after the war. He clearly stands opposed to Brett who is neither sympathetic nor redeemable. During Jakes baptism and revelation, he proves to want to redeem himself, if not to others at least to himself.He is aware that he is not the most religious man but tries to convince himself otherwise to morally feel better. Jake is Catholic and by the end of the book becomes more religious and understands the meaning of religion rather than just going through the motions at church. He values the importance of God when Brett states she does not really care for him or religion since its a waste of her time. Jake at least holds on to that the whole book and increases his religious activities and symbolism towards the end. Not only does Jake morally and mentally redeem himself but he in any case redeems his time wasted on Brett.One of their last interactions Jake unmistakably communicates his annoyance and irritation with Brett, You like to eat, dont you? she said. Yes, I said. I like to do a lot of things. (250). Jake becomes supply up with Bretts constant lack of acknowledgement that he is always there for her and not some one to use when her love life is not thriving. He grows tired of constant games and realizes there is nothing left for them together. After more small talk is exchanged between the two, Jake is ready to let her go for good and finally gains enough confidence that everything will be okay with out Brett.Brett tries to make herself sound more appealing to Jake by explaining, it makes one feel rather good deciding not to be a bitch (249). Other than makin g the decision to not be a bitch, Brett makes no other attempt to redeem herself or acknowledge that she played with Jakes feelings and ruined part of his life for holding on to him for such a long time. She cannot get over her self absorption to realize she messes with men for her own benefit whether it be money or sex, and doesnt care who she hurts along the way, mainly Jake. There is no evidence that she is a redeemable, sympathetic or a caring character.Although she has issues because she, too, is considered the lost generation, that does not give her the right to act above everyone else and hurt Jake. Jake also traumatized by the war does not use women to make Brett jealous or ever hurts her. He is always there when he is needed to support her salient lifestyle. Brett has no compassion for anyone but herself therefore making her unredeemable and Jake redeemable. Although each stories have their differences in almost all aspects there is one overall main point the lost generati on was hopeless and it was a difficult time for those people.Each book expresses the same bigger picture but is differently executed. Jakes tone which represents the overall feel of the book communicates the idea of a ghostly and missing man looking for a happier path in life to escape his sadness and pain. He rarely finds little pleasures and mostly describes scenes as dark or dark imagery, only a few times is light mentioned when salvation or renewal of a character is occurring. Pauls description of the war gives off a more pessimistic tone as he always comes back to the idea that the lost generation has nothing to return to at home.However he finds simple pleasures more enjoyable and tries to make the most of them. Both characters portray a sense of despair and loss of direction in life but differently executed. Hemingway chooses to exhibit his characters as striving to change their lives while Remarques turns negatively towards death and meaninglessness. Hemingway does not refe r to the war but instead barely mentions it or Jake will see military like actions between people symbolizing the war and the lost generation.The fact that Hemingway does not mention the war, yet the book is about war, further proves that in Hemingways writing, what is not being said is more important. The tone is important to both novels to relay the same message but entirely different outcomes and themes. The lost generation was a sad hopeless group of veterans who, if not killed, had to aimlessly go through life feeling like there was no purpose or they didnt belong. Hemingway and Remarques classic novels illustrate the hard times during and after the war and the many similarities that are present.

Ichabod Crane and Abraham Van Brunt Essay

In the short story of The Legend of sleepy Hollow you will envision two very different men, Ichabod exsert and Abraham vanguard Brunt, competing against each other for plainly one womans go past in marriage, Katrina Van Tassel. Katrina Van Tassel was a ravishing young lady of only eighteen and the only child of a very wealthy farmer named Baltus Van Tassel. Her father gainful little attention to her other than to be proud of her good doings when they were praised by others. Because of her beauty, along with the wealth of her father, Katrina had the interest of many men. Although these men were driven past in defeat by a man named Abraham Van Brunt, whom also had a strong interest in Katrina.Abraham Van Brunt, also known as Brom Brunt, was tall and extremely hansom with dark curly hair. He was described as muscular and strong, thus he was given the nick name Brom clappers by the townspeople. Brom was known for his rambunctious personality, his love for pranks, and his admirabl e great skills on horseback. He was known as the village hero. He wanted Katrinas hand in marriage, not because he loved her, but because he was determined to inherit the wealth of her father Baltus. Brom managed to scare off all the other suitors of Katrina with rage and physical confrontation. He had no competition That is until Ichabod stretch came along.Ichabod Crane was a shy school teacher who had traveled from his home state of Connecticut to Sleepy Hollow, New York. He came to teach the children about the area. He was known to be a strict teacher, but not cruel. Ichabod was described as a gangly man tall and thin with big hands and feet and also a rather large nose. He was said to be an awkward n embarrassing man. Although he was a rather thin man, he was capable of eating plenty and was often looking forward to do so. He was an extremely superstitious man, so much that he believed in both myth, legend, and tall tale to be truth. This resulted in him easily being scared of anything that reminded him of ghost, goblins, witches, demons, etc.Despite his awkwardness, Crane was a very sociable man. I guess he had to be considering the fact that he would live at the homes of the townspeople, a different one every week. He was said to be a kind man. He would sometimes walk his students home from school, he would play with some of the bigger kids, and he would correct help farmers with all of their farming duties. Many women took a liking to Ichabod because he was known to be kind and gentlemanlike. Also, he loved to sing and he had a beautiful voice and the ladies loved it In fact, his voice was so beautiful that he also taught the townspeople to sing and also led the choir at the villages church.Katrina was a student of Ichabod. When he had first met her, like many others, he was mesmerized by her beauty. Although it wasnt until he had met her father and seen her farmhouse that he felt he was in love with her. To me it seemed as if he had just fallen i n love with the idea of inheriting her fathers wealth, but the story says he was in love with her and wanted her heart, not just her wealth. Of course, this didnt sit well with Brom Brunt at all, and he would try to chase Ichabod off. just Brom couldnt do it in his usual way of violence, because Ichabod had a way of avoiding physical confrontation with him. So instead, Brom would use his second best skill, pranksKnowing that Crane was a superstitious man who was easily scared, Brom would begin to taunt and tease him with scary stories, including the towns most famous one, the legend of the headless horseman. This would eventually mark the end of Ichabod Crane. The story tells that one night after attending a party held at the Van Tassel home, when Ichabod was walking home, he had an encounter with what seemed to be the headless horseman. He was never to be seen again. Some believed that it was actually the headless horseman himself who had taken the life of Ichabod, but others bel ieved that is was just Brom castanets in prink out to get what he wanted, Crane goneAs you can see, in comparison, these two men were very different from each other. Quite the opposite Id say. The only thing that they shared a common ground with each other would be their desire for the Katrina Van Tassel and her inheritance. Even then, they would flak to woo her in very different ways, Crane with his songs and his stories of superstitions, and Brom with his violence and strength. Besides the way these men look, their personalities and even their interests and talents were very different. Id say Brom Bones was a man of good looks and brawn but rather rowdy, rude, and perhaps cruel. While Ichabod was a sensitive man with a kind heart and although he was lanky and awkward looking he was a gentleman with good social skills.

Describe key aspects of public health strategies Essay

In this section of coursework I am going to produce a three-part report for a nursing student newspaper detailing key aspects of general wellness strategies. In the first part of this assignment I am going to describe the reasons behind public wellness strategies and their implementation. In the second section I am going to submit a description of the statistical and epidemiological sources of information which could be used by three geological formations to determine patterns of feverish health. Lastly for the third section of this coursework I am going to provide a brief description of the judicature, a national organisation and an international organisation reasonable for setting and influencing public health policy. recrudesce one- globe wellness StrategiesIdentifying the health needs of the clubsThis is where trends and patterns are identified through statistics they cease be collected directly from doctors or from other secondary statistical evidence. wholeness s pecific employment of identifying the health needs of the populations could be looking at obesity, this means assessing the likely increase in diabetes due to obesity. They would look at the fatality rate and the morbidity rates which would allow them to identify what causes the problems and direct something in dumbfound to prevent it from occurring. Furthermore some organisations may collect data on transmitted and non- hereditary indispositions, for example they may focus on a main non-communicable disease much(prenominal)(prenominal) as heart disease because there are many things which can be prescribe in place to prevent it which would be the organisations responsibility. The world Health Organisation (WHO) would be one of the main organisations that would collect this statistical data and would make comparisons to other countries which would assistant them identify the problem. Once they had identified the problem, they would put strategies in place, for example if t hey were looking at heart disease they would think virtually campaigns which are related to lifestyle factors. Monitoring the health status of the community.Read AlsoGood Descriptive Essay TopicsThis is where organisations track the changes in health of the population and alert people to potential problems. After they allow identified the changes they have made they allow for then be able to have a travel by insight if there wereany problems caused by the changes they made and how they could determine these problems. From statistics they will also be able to recognise any new patterns in health for example if a disease is increasing or decreasing. If a disease is increasing such as cancer they would put strategies in place such as screening which will identify the disease at an early stage which will decrease mortality rates on that specific disease. An organisation who would be informed on the problems would be public health agencies, personal health fretfulness organisations. Developing programmes to turn off risk and screen for early disease This helps to reduce levels of ill health by introducing new programmes that classify people as being at risk of a disease. For example, screening is put into place for cancer, especially breast cancer as it is very common and is available for most adults and is also available for men that are obese because they also have chances of pay offting it. Being able to identify cancer at an early stage will reduce the mortality rate because less people will be dying because the conditions wont be as bad. It is also easier to treat at an earlier stage.Programmes are put into place to try and reduce the levels of ill health for example, health campaigns such as change smoke free which promotes a healthier lifestyle which is benefitting the individual and preventing them for certain diseases such as lung cancer. The Department of Health is the organisation who puts screening into place to try and reduce diseases being unno ticed and making sure that they come across them early.Controlling communicable diseaseCommunicable diseases are diseases that can be spread from one person to another usually through viruses, bacteria, blood or other visible fluid. The common known communicable diseases are, Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Polio, Influenza and all of those diseases need to be controlled to prevent outbreaks which is known as herd immunity this is why measures are put into place such as immunisations which reduces the impact of communicable diseases. The best advice if you have a communicable disease is to stay in to avoid spreading it. If you catch any of the diseases they have to be reported to the local GP so they can notify the public health director so they can put in other plans to control the disease such as food hygiene measures in restaurants and take-aways to control the spread of food poisoning.Promoting the health of the populationThe government promote health of the population by introducing campaigns to educate people and raise awareness. This is done by educating them what health implications there are and what diseases they could get if they have a bad die,t such as diabetes or obesity, campaigns such as change 4 life or 5 a solar day promote a healthier lifestyle and have the support and resources to help individuals and their specific goals and needs. They also have health campaigns to try and improve the health of the community overall and focus at deaths due to a specific illness. The main reason as to why these campaigns are put into place is to reduce the reckon of health problems due to obesity, drug and alcohol and smoking inside communities, the government collect statistical data of how many people use these campaigns and receive the help they need to be successful and reach their goals and they look at whether this has resulted in the health of the community improving.For example, the campaign Stoptober is run every year over October and the song of sm okers has decreased which shows that the campaign is being successful and working effectively which has a positive outcome because these lifestyle factors reduce chances of people getting diseases such as obesity and lung cancer so therefore this comes as a benefit to the NHS because they will be spending less money. Planning and evaluating the national preparation of health and social care target setting The organisations that present health and social care services will plan and evaluate what sort of health care the population needs and then they plan what provisions and care services they need to put into place and whether they need to introduce new health and social care services for people to gain access to. Usually more services are due to rising numbers, a prime example of this would be that because there is currently an increase in the immemorial population, which means that there will need to be enough care homes to assist the elderly so organisations such as Health tax s helter Agency which aims to protect the public and they will take hold of the increase and act on it. By making an evaluation it allows them to come up with an overall conclusion on what chances are needed and they will also look at what they are doing correctly.Part 2- Sources of informationWorld Health OrganisationWHO collects their data from multiple sources using a variety of data collection methods such as household surveys and office reporting by health services and from other sources. WHO also collects information about national and international health and can make comparisons between countries. WHO industrial plant with other countries to improve health information. They collect statistical data on infectious diseases such as Cholera, Influenza, Meningitis, Tuberculosis, Malaria, Child health and HIV/AIDS. This then allows them to see clear comparisons between countries on specific diseases and can then plan ways in which to control the disease.Department of HealthThe De partment of Health aims to help people live a better and longer life they ensure that people have the support, care and treatment they need which is done by gathering statistics. They gather statistics on everything but one example they gathered statistics on surveys designed to assess the diet, nutrient intake and nutritional status of the worldwide population aged 1.5 years and older reenforcement in private households in the UK. This then allows the government to compare diets and see if people are living a healthy lifestyle or not and help those who have not by providing resources.PHE main objective is to protect and improve the nations health and to address inequalities. PHE works with local and national government, NHS and industry, to protect and improve the nations health and support healthier choices. The PHE look for the problems in ill health and make those changes. They make the public healthier by encouraging discussions, supporting action by local government and advi sing government, the NHS and others. Furthermore they support the public so they can improve and protect their own health. Mainly they help local authorities and NHS to develop the public health systems and its specialist workforce. The PHE have 36 written statistics about the health of the public, these statistics collect evidence and arethen compared against each other and they can be accessed GOV.UK.Part 3- Key groupsGovernment and government agencies- Department of HeathThe Department of Health helps people to live better for longer. They turn over, shape and fund the health care in England and have many roles and responsibilities. They lead across health and care creating national legislation and policies, giving long-term determination to meet future and current challenges, by putting health and care at the heart of the government. They support the truth of the system from funding assuring everything is paid correctly Department of Health encourages staff in every health and care organisation to learn from other peoples experience of health and care and apply this to what we do.Pressure groups- Friends of the EarthFriends of the Earth is a pressure group who looks at protecting the wellbeing of people and the planet which has been the inspiration for most of their campaigns. By protecting the environment/planet is protecting the health of individuals too. Their first campaign was to dump 1,500 non-returnable bottles outside the Schweppes London headquarters which by recycling is better for our health. Friends of the earth helps people to see things in a opposite way and tries to get everyone involved by looking for the best solution, backing ideas up with facts and science.National groups- Health Protection AgencyThe Health Protection Agencies now known as Public Health Englands main role is to prevent and is preparing to meet any threat to the nations health. It looks at a specific risk such as radiation, poisons or chemicals and it monitors outbreaks and spread of infection. To fulfil this aim the HPA provided an approach to protect public health in the UK by providing emergency services, support and advice to the NHS and other local authorities. The HPA also had a main role in helping planning for new andrising health treats, such as bioterrorism or in the event of an emerging dangerous disease.International groups- Who Health OrganisationWHO is a co-coordination organisation for health within the United Nations as a whole and has many roles as responsibilities such as it provides leadership on problems critical to health and appealing in partnerships where there needs to be joint action. It also shapes the research programme and stimulates the generation and dissemination of valuable knowledge. Further it puts down standards and monitors implementation. Lastly it provides a technical support, catalysing change, and development sustainable institutional capacity and monitoringReferenceshttp//www.who.int/about/en/- 1/10/13http s//www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/207707/ndns-y3-executive-summary_final.pdf- 2- 2/10/13 http//www.nhs.uk/NHSEngland/thenhs/healthregulators/Pages/public-health-england.aspx- 2/10/13 https//www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-of-health- 4/10/13 http//www.foe.co.uk/what_we_do/about_us/friends_earth_works.html- 6/10/13

Identifying the science involved in nuclear fusion Essay

Both windings of the transformer is what the live is induced from to heat up the plasm. Although this type of Ohmic estrus system technique can heat plasmas into temperatures of around 20-30 zillion Kelvin, it is not quite effective beca ingestion the amount of heat generated depends on the resistance between the plasma and the incumbent (the watt second Effect which states that the amount of electrical energy produced is dependent upon the resistance of the substance through which electricity is passing).The reason for the ineffectiveness of Ohmic heating from the Joule effect principle is because at temperatures of over 1 million degrees centigrade, the electrical conductivity of the plasma is very high which means that there is very lower-ranking resistance. In needing high temperatures for larger fusion answers to occur, other methods of plasma heating argon introduced to enhance the Ohmic heating technique (in order to reach higher temperatures for bigger scaled fusion replys to occur).Neutral Beam hotness This is an enhancing plasma heating technique of ohmic heating whereby accelerated neutral balance beams of deuterinium or tritium ions be injected into the already heated plasma. The beams of ions carry large kinetic energies and are neutralized in order for easier access through the charismatic subjects stuffy the plasma. When these beams are injected into the plasma, electrons are lost and the nuclei become ionized due to high temperature particle collisions (making them positively supercharged ions).In the series of subsequent ion-ion, ion-electron and electron-electron collisions, the group velocity of beam ions is transferred into an increased mean velocity of chaotic motion of all plasma particles. This results in the neutral beam of ions heating up the pre heated plasma and increase its temperature by a maximum of 21MW. http//www. jet. efda. org/pages/focus/006heating/index. htmlohmic Lower Hybrid Current Drive This additional pre -heating technique is a crop whereby micro electromagnetic waves of up to 10MW propel charged particles in a plasma at 3.7GHz of cycles per second to produce currents of up to 3MA which increases plasma temperature. http//www. jet. efda. org/pages/focus/006heating/4c. jpg Radiofrequency Heating This type of plasma heating technique is also known as Ion Cyclotron Resonant Heating (in a more scientifical understanding). It is a process whereby the antennae in the pointlessness vessel of the tokamak propagate waves in the frequency range of 25-55 MHz into the core of the plasma to increase the energy of the ions thus increasing the temperature for more fusion reactions to occur.This heating method provides additional energy of up 20MW of power t http//www. jet. efda. org/pages/focus/006heating/index. htmlohmic Magnetic Confinement Of Plasma A magnetic field is defined as a force produced by moving electric charges or currents that exerts a power on other moving charges. Because the i ncredible temperature of plasma (which is over 100 million i C) inside the tokamak cannot be contained inside the inner vessel walls of the thermonuclear reactor alone, the use of magnetic fields gives an election technique in actually restraining the high temperature plasma particles from touching the walls of the reactor.This is called confinement. The reason why plasma is restrained from touching the walls of the reacting vessel is that it cools down very quickly and terminates itself at once when contact is made. A plasma is made up of ionized particles. In the absence of magnetic fields, the ionized particles move in bang-up lines and in random directions. This eventually leads to contact with the inner chamber walls of the reacting vessel and results in the plasma quickly cooling down and terminating itself.But when a unending nominal head of a magnetic field is introduced, the ionized particles in the plasma flow through these fields in a spiral path on the magnetic lin es. The movement of the particles across the magnetic field lines are restricted and this also prevents contact to the walls of the containment vessel. Below is a picture illustrating the movement of charged particles with and without the presence of magnetic fields . http//www. plasma. inpe. br/LAP_Portal/LAP_Site/Text/Plasma_Confinement. htm On the torus, there two main components of magnetic fields utilise.The main type of magnetic field used in the plasma confining process is the toroidal field. This is a field whereby 32 large (D-shaped) coils surround the vacuum vessel of the nuclear reactor and when current flows around these coils, a toroidal magnetic field is generated which controls the position of the plasma inside the torus and also modifies the poloidal field (the second magnetic field). The other magnetic field (the poloidal field) is produced by current being flown through the plasma which is ab initio induced from transformers.The created poloidal field with the co mbination of the toroidal field confines the plasma swell up and stabilizes it which allows confinement times of plasma temperatures to be longer. . http//www. fys. uio. no/plasma/plasma/norsk/tokamak. gif Limitations Of The Jet Fusion Tokamak The foremost limitation on the Jet fusion tokamak is the humiliated amount of time the plasma lasts for inside the reactor. This is because of the plasma being continuously cooled down by tiny impurities inside the chamber walls.Also, the efficiency of the fusion reaction inside the nuclear reactor is quite an important aspect of limitations that has a need to be solved. This is because large amounts energy are put in initially just to start the fusion reaction at a plasma state and only half the energy is acquired when fusion is completed. On a characteristic Jet experiment, 30MW of energy is the power input used and only 16MW of energy is successfully extracted out from the reactor as power output . From an efficiency equivalence (Pout / Pin), this gives an efficiency of 53.3% . Another important limitation of fusion reactions inside the tokamak reactor is the instability of the plasma that has a need to be controlled. This is because of excited and charged particles inside the plasma wanting to escape as they are being compressed into higher temperatures. Although this is controlled by the use of magnetic fields, the slightest error in confining these charged particles could result in the plasma escaping and quickly cooling down and thus all the total energy put initially put into the reaction being wasted.Also if the plasma escapes, this results in it touching the inner walls of the tokamak and eroding or damaging the components surrounding the plasma and by therefore reducing the life of these components. Although these problems or limitations cause less energy efficiencies inside the tokamak, modern day advances of computer aided technology is gradually providing remedies in sorting these limitations out. Futu re Developments.From my acquaintance of future developments in nuclear reactors, experimental studies which is currently being carried on the JET experiment is believed to provide some detailed background information in acquiring similar basic properties in the building process of ITER.. Currently, The JET experiment holds the world record for released fusion power at 16 million Watts (16MW).This is a value comparable to the power needed for heating one thousand households in a cold winter. http//www. jet. efda.org/pages/focus/010jetanditer/index. htmloverall In future developments, it is predicted that the ITER experiment which is estimated to finish construction at the end of year 2006 in France would release an amazing fusion power of 500 Million Watts. This, by my accurate calculations, is enough to power up to 31,250 homes on a cold winter night. The future properties of ITER when construction is finished is going to be entirely establish around a hydrogen plasma torus which would operate at temperatures of above 200 Million iC and also by the use of super conducting coils to generate high temperature plasmas which would yield better energy efficiencies give more energy outputs. In the size of ITERs components compared to the current JET nuclear reactor, ITER is estimated to be 10 times bigger than JET in size.Bibliography Books Name Of Book Authors Name ISBN Number Name Of Publishers Year Of Publishment collar Physics For Advanced Level (Second Edition) Jim Breithaupt 0-7487-0510-4 Stanley Thornes Publishers Ltd 1990 Salters Horners Advanced Physics Heinimann 0435 628909Heinimann Educational Publishers 2000.Internet 1) http//www. jet. efda. org/images/gallery/images/82-348cmed. jpg. 2) http//www. plasma. inpe. br/LAP_Portal/LAP_Site/Text/Plasma_Confinement. htm 3) http//www. sbf. admin. ch/htm/international/org/fusion-e. html 4) http//europa. eu. int/comm/research/energy/fu/fu_rt/fu_rt_mc/article_1227_en. htm 5) http//www-fusion-magnetique. cea. fr/gb /fusion/principes/principes01. htm 6) http//www. jet. efda. org/pages/focus/006heating/index. htmlohmic 7) http//www-fusion-magnetique. cea. fr/gb/fusion/principes/principes01. htm.

How Personal Can Ethics Get? Essay

The level of good motive competency is determined by the individuals ability to identify elements of ethical motive, assess issues with ethics that arise, consent knowledge and regulations when make ethical decisions, and communicate those decisions to others. As stated by Curry in his discussion of workplace ethics Ethics are active making choices that may not always feel good or seem like they benefit you but are the right choices to make. They are the choices that are examples of model citizens and examples of the golden rules.Weve all heard the golden rules Dont hurt, dont steal, dont lie, or one of the most far-famed Do unto others as you would have done to you. These are not just catchy phrases these are words of wisdom that any productive member of cabaret should strive to live by. (Curry, n. d. ) Organizational ethics depends on the culture of the company or make-up and the extent of the importance of labels of ethics within the company. Organizational ethics is t he companys codes and procedures that manage the actions and decisions of its employees and leadership.Personal difference and preference can impact this, however. There are occasions when organizational ethics and personal ethics are not in line with one another. A lot of times employees do not know how to balance the personal side with the military control side. In businesses there are several factors that influence the morality of individuals. Those factors are peers, company policies and procedures, and superiors such as management. In our personal lives there are factors as well. Those factors include family and friends.Ethics are thought of by many people as something that is related to the private side of life and not to the business side. In many businesses, having ethics is frowned upon or thought of as a negative subject. This is because business is usually near doing whats best for number one, not ab egress whats authentically the right thing to do. (Curry, n. d. ) Wi th this in mind, there are occasions when business decisions are not made simply because the decision is rightfully the right thing to do. Businesses are created for a number of reasons, but to stay in business the company must practice good decision making and make a profit.Over time, in the long run, the business that finds a way to balance personal differences and preferences with organizational ethics will last weeklong and be more than profitable. Mary White, the co-owner of MTI Business Solutions addresses business ethics in her article. In one particular point White states Companies and businesspeople who wish to amplify long-term must adopt sound ethical decision-making practices. Companies and people who behave in a socially responsible manner are much more likely to enjoy ultimate success than those whose actions are motivated altogether by profits.Knowing the difference between right and wrong and choosing what is right is the macrocosm for ethical decision making. In many cases, doing the right thing often leads to the greatest financial, social, and personal rewards in the long run. (White, n. d. ) Often times, individuals in leadership positions spue their own goals and preferences before that of the company. For example, a chief operating officer might accept a deal with another company that includes an extra incentive or reward that solely benefits the CEO and deny a deal with another company because there is nothing extra that benefits the CEO.Although the company benefits by accepting another client, the ethics of the organization is compromised. Although the company with no included incentives may provide more value in the long run for the company looking to make a deal, the CEO may lose the opportunity to gain a deal in the future. When any individual becomes a part of a company, their own personal differences and preferences do not only impact the individual, but everyone around them including the company. Organizational Policies an d Procedures and the Impact on Ethics In addition, organizational policies and procedures can impact ethics.The policies and procedures put into military group by businesses provide guidelines in efforts to allow the business to run smoothly. These procedures and policies arrange by the organization provide a means of what is right and what is wrong. This is the companys code of conduct or set of organizational ethics. The organizational policies and procedures can either benefit the company or hinder the company. The purpose of setting this code of right and wrong is so that the company is providing employees with guidelines in hopes that employees will follow.The benefit is all employees are working towards a common goal in a common matter. This provides a sense of order within the business. Every position has its own guidelines so that employees know exactly what is expected. When an employee violates a code that is clearly put down in the companys policies and procedures, the employee cannot state that he or she did not know what was expected. In the same sense, just as the organizational policies and procedures can benefit the ethics of the company, the policies and procedures can also produce a negative outcome.This can occur when employees refuse to follow these procedures. An employee may choose not to abide by policies when he or she has his or her own motive. For example, an employee does not agree with a company policy that states that no employee may release a certain pillowcase of knowledge. In turn, the employee shares the information with a highly competitive company. This affects the ethics of the company as well as the individual. In this situation, the policy is clearly documented. Although the policy is set in place to provide order and give a guideline for employees to follow, the employee violated the policy.Ethical Dilemmas and Valerie When ethics become an issue within a company, ethical dilemmas occur. An ethical dilemma is a dispu te between what is right and wrong between two opposing parties. Although ethical dilemmas occur every day, there is really no right or wrong solution. It is simply a matter of what one believes. In the case study, Valerie is cladding an ethical dilemma. The ethical dilemma she is facing is not only about what she considers right or wrong, but also her job. As a result of her decision, she could lose several things.The ethical dilemma that Valeria is facing is if she tells anyone what she has learned, she could lose her job, her privilege to stay in the United States since she doesnt have a Green Card, future education, and her career relationships. In this situation, Valerie can reveal the information and adventure losing everything or keep the information to herself and work for a company of which she no longer respects. In either situation, Valerie is losing something. It is up to her to decide what is more important.If I were in the situation Valerie is in, I would keep the i nformation to myself. Although neither decision is potentially right or wrong, if Valerie chooses to keep the information to herself, she does not have to risk losing her job and ability to stay in the United States. Even though Valerie does not reveal the information herself, the information may still come out in the future from another source. Another method that I would chose is to provide an anonymous explanation to corporate. Most businesses provide a means in which employees are able to provide information anonymously.In either case, Valerie will not have to jeopardize losing her job, right to live in this county, education, nor relationships within the company. Conclusion In closing, personal differences and preferences can impact organizational ethics. Employees must realize that their own decisions and beliefs affect the company they work for. In the same sense, organizational policies and procedures can impact ethics as well. Although companies set up policies to address w hat is right and wrong, there are positive benefits as well as negative outcomes.

Appendix A †Questionnaire Essay

ratiocination (300) The current study found that there are significant differences in terms of both edible noticeledge and wellness behaviours between normal load and obese individuals. In particular, they drink more provide of water and engage more frequently in exercise sessions. It has also noted that the obese gathering also has more frequent dream of meals crisps sweets, chocolate or desert sweetie beverages low gram calorie drinks instant noodles and deep fried victuals. They also read labels more frequently and are aware of the recommended intake for various sources.While not all factors have yielded significant differences, the fact that there are differences in rough of the factors compared suggest that being aware of proper nutrition and the risks of obesity may be good for Hong Kong residents so that they make take the apt means for preventing these risks. * entertain underline your answer where appropriate 1. beguile specify your height, weight and gender Heigh t (m) Weight (kg) Gender 2. What is your age group? ? 18 to 23 ? 30 to 35 ? 24 to 29 ? 36 to 40 3. What is your occupation? ? Student ? Housewife/married man?Clerk or officer ? Technical worker ? Other revel specify 4. What is your education take aim? ? Up to primary school ? Up to F. 3 (secondary) ? Up to A-level ? University or above 5. Do you realise what is BMI stand for? ? Yes, please state it ? No 6. What kinds of provender are rich in fibre? ? Vegetables ? sum ? Fish ? No idea 7. What is the recommended daily intake for fruits and vegetables? ? 3 portion a twenty-four hours ? 7 a day ? 5 portion a day ? No idea 8.Do you know the recommended daily intake for the fare group of bread, cereal, rice & noodles? e. g. 1 to 2 servings per day ? Yes ? No If yes, please state it 9. Carbohydrates, protein and fats are the main sources of energy from the diet. Do you know the recommended daily % for each source? e. g. 30% carbohydrates, 40% protein, and 30% fat ? Yes ? No If yes, please state it 10. How many glass of water do you drink everyday? ? Less than 2 or 2 ? 3-4 ? 5-6 ? 7 or above 11.Do you read the nutritional labeling of food that you take daily? ? Yes ? No If yes, do you read all of the food that you eat or only read for a certain food items? ? All ? Read some only 12. Do you consider your health before choosing what to eat? ? Always ? Some cartridge clips ? never 13. What time do you usually have your supper? ? 6 to 7 pm ? 7 to 8 pm ? 8 to 9 pm 14. What time do you normally go to sleep? ? Before 10 pm ? 10- 11 pm ? 11- 12 pm ? After 12 pm For how dour? 15. How often do you do exercise? ? Rarely/ Never ? 1 to 2 times a workweek ? 3 to 4 times a week ? More than 5 times a weekIf yes, for how long each time? ? 4 times a day 3 to 4 times a day 2 to 3 times a day 3 -4 times a week 1 -2 times a week Rarely/ never E. g. Crisps x Sweets, chocolate or dessert Sweetie Beverages Low calorie drinks (e. g. diet coke) Instant noodles/ cup noodles Any deep fried food (fried meatball, fried tofu etc) 19.How often did you eat out or order a take forth/ lurch last week? Please cross(x) 1 option below ? 3 times a day ? 2 times a day ? 1 times a day ? More than 5 times a week ? 2 to 5 times a week ? Rarely /Never Is it almost the same every week or just happened in last week? 20. Do you usually eat more food in the restaurant than at home? ? Yes ? No 21.Do you think food given in restaurants in less healthy than home- made food? ? Yes ? No Why? 22. What kind of restaurant/ cafe do you visit the most? Please list 3 of them. Starting from the 1st most, 2 and 3. For example 1st McDonalds 2nd Japanese restaurant 3rd glowing pot restaurant 1. 2. 3. 23. How often did you visit the following food service last month? Please cross(x) your option. Everyday Most days 2 to 3 time a week Once a week Rarely/ never e. g. Local cuisine x Local cuisine(e. g. Dim sum) Japanese food Fast food (KFC, McDonalds) Dessert shop Other Please specify ______________ ___.24. Are you happy with your weight? ? I am happy with my weight. ? I would like to lose weight ? I would like to flummox on weight.ReferencesKarelis, A. D. , St-Pierre, D. H. , Conus, F, Rabasa-Lhoret, R. , & Poehlman, E. T. , (2004). metabolic and body composition factors in subgroups of obesity what do we know? The Journal of clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 89(6), 25692575. Lau, D. (2006). A pilot study on the attitudes and practice relating to the management of overweight and obese patients among primary health care professionals in four primary care clinics in Hong Kong.The Hong Kong Practitioner, 28. Lin, B. H. , Guthrie, J. & Frazao, E. (1999). Nutrient contribution of food away from home. Frazao, E. (eds). Americas eating habits Changes and consequences, 213-242 U. S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service Washington, D. C. Agriculture Information publicize No. 750. Obesity and overweight. Retrieved on kinsfolk 30, 2006 from http//www. who. int/dietp hysicalactivity/media/en/gsfs_obesity. pdf Obesity Research. (undated). Retrieved on September 20, 2006 from http//www. obesityresearch. org/cgi/reprint/12/6/889. pdf Popkin B. N. , Lu B.International Journal Obesity Related Metabolic Disorder, 28, 282 289. Woo, J, Leung, S. S. F. , Ho, S. C, Lam, T. H, Janus, E. D (1998). Dietary wasting disease and Practices in Hong Kong Chinese Population J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 52, 631-637. Woo, J. (2000). Diet, nutrition, and health in older China adults. Retrieved on September 30, 2006 from http//www. unsystem. org/SCN/archives/scnnews19/ch17. htm Woo, J. (2000). Nutrition and health issues in the general Hong Kong population. Retrieved on September 20, 2006 from http//www. hkmj. org. hk/hkmj/abstracts/v4n4/383. htm.

Carl Jung’s Theory concerning Personality Types Essay

This essay bequeath give an introduction to Carl Jung and what started his research, the essay will discuss Carls Jungs temperament roles and their characteristics and will to a fault discuss the Myers Briggs type indicator. The essay will also discuss falsification of type as well as what Carl Jung believed to be the cure for falsification of type. Criticisms of reputation type and MBTI will also be discussed and in conclusion this essay will discuss how we tidy sum use spirit types and MBTI within our own work.Carl Jung & The Beginning of nature TheoryCarl Gustav Jung was born in Switzerland in 1875. His first choice of study was archaeology but he went to study medicine at the University of sweet basil and while working for the neurologist Krafft Ebing he settled on psychiatry. After graduating he took a pose at the Burghoeltzli Mental Hospital, he also taught classes at the university in Zurich, had a private practice and invented invent association. In 1907 Carl Jung m et Freud in Vienna where the dickens are meant to conduct spent thirteen hours talking their association started off strong with Jung championing many Freudian ideas but over time their friendship began to deteriorate. Jung felt that Freud centre too much on sexuality and that Freuds concept of the unconscious was too terminus ad quemed and negative. The ex officio break up communicateed when Jung resigned from the international psychoanalytic congress. Then in 1913 Carl Jung had a dream, he dreamt that there was a monstrous flood engulfing Europe and lapping at the mountains of Switzerland. He saw thousands of mickle drowning and civilization crumbling. In the following weeks he continued to have disturbing dreams in which he dreamt of eternal winters and rivers of blood. Carl Jung thought he was becoming psychotic but on the 1st August WWI began and Jung felt there had been a partnership between himself and the rest of humanity, thus began Jungs painful journey of self-exp loration which formed the basis for his openings.Personality Theory Attitudes & FunctionsCarl Jung determined that pot act and react to stimulus and spotlights differently. He classified citizenry into two different groups, depending onhow they behaved. Jung c alled these two different groups attitudes and classified deal as either extraverts or introverts Extraverts stack who are extraverts are better able to quite a little with external stimulus such as people and objects. They search for things outside themselves to do fulfil them Introverts throng who are introverts are better able to mickle with internal stimulus and look inside themselves for fulfilment. In addition to the two attitudes Jung further classified people into four functions types Sensory and Intuitive which refers to our preferred commission of collecting nurture and Thinking and feeling which refers to the guidance we hold back decisions. Sensory People who are much sensory pourboire to like specific answers and deal in facts and figures Intuitive People who are more intuitive list to prefer to gather information through ideas and theories.Thinking People who are thinkers bunk to prefer to make decisions based on scientific fact and concrete truths. Feeling People who make decisions on their feelings, trust in their emotions and sensitivities. The four functions and two attitudes made up Carl Jungs original personality types it was later expanded on and two more functions where added which deal with the way people live their lives these are judgers and perceivers Judges Prefer to live in an tidy way and prefer structure and organisation. Perceivers Prefer to live more spontaneously and are more accommodateive.The theory was then used by Katharine Cook Brigg and her daughter Isabel Briggs Myers who after studying Carl Jungs work extensively turned the theory of psychological types to a realistic use. They created the Myer Briggs indicator believing that knowle dge of personality types would help woman during WWII who were entering the work place for the first time by identifying which jobs would be more genial and effective for them. MBTI focuses on a normal population and emphasizes the value of course occurring differences. The two attitudes and six functions types make up for sixteen different combinations which provides detailed characteristics and help us determine which of the types we belong to , all(prenominal) of us has a dominate function with the other three being less dominate. The combinations and both(prenominal) of the characteristics are as follows. ISTJPeople who jeer in this family line tend to be quiet, serious and earn success bythoroughness and dependability. They value traditions and loyalty.ISFJPeople who fit in this category tend to be quiet, friendly, responsible, and conscientious. They strive to create an cracking and harmonious environment at work and at home.INFJPeople who fit in this category tend to se ek meaning and connection in ideas, relationships, and material possessions. They want to understand what motivates people and are insightful about others.INTJPeople who fit in this category tend to have original minds and great poking for implementing their ideas and achieving their goals. They after part be sceptical and independent.ISTPPeople who fit in this category tend to be handsome and flexible they are quiet observers until a problem appears, then act quickly to find operable solutions to the problems that whitethorn arise.ISFPPeople who fit in this category tend to be quiet, friendly and sensitive. They like to have their own space and to work within their own time frame.INFPPeople who fit in this category tend to be idealistic and are loyal to their values and to people who are important to them.INTPPeople who fit in this category tend to seek to develop logical explanations for e reallything that interests them. Theoretical and abstract, they are implicated more in ideas than in social interaction.ESTPPeople who fit in this category tend to be flexible and tolerant they take a pragmatic cash advance and are focused on flying results.ESFPPeople who fit in this category tend to be outgoing, friendly, and accepting. They are lovers of brio, people, and material comforts.ENFPPeople who fit in this category tend to be enthusiastic and imaginative. They are spontaneous and flexible and often entrust on their ability to improvise and or their language skills.ENTPPeople who fit in this category tend to be quick, clever and outspoken. They are good at reading other people and tush soft become bored by routine.ESTJPeople who fit in this category tend to be practical and realistic. They act decisively and move quickly to implement decisions.ESFJPeople who fit in this category tend to be warm hearted. They want harmony in their environment and work hard to establish and control it.ENFJPeople who fit in this category tend to be warm, empathetic and r esponsible. They are highly attuned to the emotions and demand of others.ENTJPeople who fit in this category tend to be blunt and decisive they assume lead readily. They are usually well informed and well read. Jung noted that it is not possible to use the attitudes of extraversion and Introversion and the Judging and Perceiving functions independently of each other. People who prefer Extraversion will most in all probability focus their Perception and Judgment in the outer world while people preferring the Introverted attitude, when comp matchlessnt part permit, will concentrate Perception and Judgment on ideas.Falsification of exampleIn our lives we are not always able to work or live in a way that appeals to our strengths. This can happen for a variety of reasons either we are brought up in environments that are unsuitable to our personality types and we adapt to suit the situation or we may be financially unable to follow a rush path that would be best suited to our person ality type. A person may also be unaware of their strengths and may just have a feeling that they are not living the life they were meant to. Carl Jung believed that if we do not live or work in a way that best suites our personality type then we could develop a falsification of type. This occurs when we are forced to use our less dominate functions for long periods of time. Carl Jung believed that falsification of type could lead to many psychological problems.Carl Jung described Falsification of Type as a violation of the graphic disposition, and explained that whenever Falsification of Type takes place a person first becomes zealous and irritable and then if the condition continues a person becomes neurotic. Jung strongly believed that if there was a reversal of type it could be very harmful to the physiologicalwell-being of a person and could often lead to an abrupt state of exhaustion. Research has been done which supports Jungs theory and according to the research of Dr. Richard Haier of San Diego, when an individual is functioning from a style other than their natural lead style, the brain is forced to expend large amounts of energy assay to maintain the unnatural functions. The result is that the brain and brain-body system experience stress, chronic anxiety and exhaustion. Dr. Arlene Taylor worked with people deplorable with PTSD and depression over an 11 year period and found that people living in a state of prolonged adaption appeared to display specific symptoms. There are eight unremarkably seen symptoms in people who appear to be suffering with a falsification of type theses are1) Fatigue draw out adaption can require the brain to work up to 100 times harder.2) Hyper vigilance Prolonged adaption can create a state of hyper-vigilance as the brain goes on protective alertness. This is a safety implement and can show up in a variety of different ways 3) Immune ashes alteration Falsifying Type can be thought of as the individual living a lie at some level. Lying can suppress immune system 4) Memory deterioration Cortisol, which is released under stress, can intervene with memory functions. 5) Altered brain chemistry Prolonged adaption can interfere with hypothalamus and pituitary functions, which can interfere with hormonal balance. 6) Diminished frontal lobe functions Prolonged adaption is a significant stressor, which can interfere with functions typically associated with the frontal lobes of the cerebrum.7) Discouragement, fatigue and or depression Prolonged adaption can lead to the recurrent triggering of the conserve/withdraw reaction to stress. This can be especially true for introverted people although it is commonly observed in extroverted types who have been conditioned to introversion. This is far more common than most people (even researchers) believe. Discouragement tends to increase as fatigue increases, which often contributes to the development of depression8) egotism problems .Any or all o f the other symptoms can be contributed to diminished overall success in life, which directly affect self-esteem. Self-esteem issues can present as lack of confidence or lack of commitment to improving ones outcomes Jung believed that the only way to cure falsification of type is to develop the functions and attitudes that people are naturally disposed towards. This is a long process where the sufferer will have to first identify their natural leanings and then work towards changing things within their lives so that their work, family and social lives are in balance with their natural strengths and attitudes.Criticisms of Personality Types & MBTIOne of the main criticisms of personality types and the resulting MBTI is that it because it deals with the mind which is abstract it cannot be scientifically proven and that some of the personality types could be made to fit anyone as the use of the language and terms can be ambiguous. The MBTI also relies on a person answering questions ab out themselves and people may not be completely honest when answering those questions either because they are unaware of how they would react within a situation or that their perception of themselves is distorted. The way in which the questions are asked is also not specific so people may not know if the question is referring to the way they would react at work or the way they would react at home with friends and family. The MBTI also fails the double blind canvas in which participants do a test but are given a test done by someone else and asked if it fits them. approximately of the participants find a way to make the results fit. One of the other arguments is that while it can be very useful in self-understanding it can also be used either intentionally or accidentally to pigeonhole people. People are complex and fitting everyone into just sixteen different categories can limit peoples understanding of each other and themselves. It also could be used as an excuse for bad or ine fficient behaviour.ConclusionPersonality Types and the MBTI is still widely used today, the MBTI is used in companys both big and small to understand and motivate staff and as a tool for anxiety training. Personality Types and MBTI are also still usedby therapists to understand their nodes, as well as giving the therapist an idea of which therapeutic tools are best suited for each individual client. It can be used either by allowing the client to do a MBTI test that the therapist has acquired from a reputable source (not just a downloaded from the internet) or the therapist can lead a client through a process which will enable the therapist to discern which characteristics the client may lean towards. It is worth saying that an inexperienced therapist may face problems in laborious to discern a clients personality leanings without using a test or egg questions as it takes training and experience to be able to read a client effectively.Despite its critics personality types can be used as one of the tools a therapist can utilise to assist them in the treatment of clients as long as the therapist is aware of the potential problems with using the personality type or a MBTI test , such as pigeonholing a client into a specific category or allowing the client to use their personality type as an excuse or a crutch. Using the theory in balance with other treatments and being aware of some of the problems that may arise from using the personality types or a MBTI test can allow the therapist to approach the treatment of a client in a well-rounded and balanced way that is both upright and productive.Referenceshttp//mbtitoday.org/carl-jung-psychological-type/Author & publish date unknown MBTI type todayhttp//www.cognitiveprocesses.com/Linda V. Berens and Dario Nardi, Understanding Yourself and Others An Introduction to the Personality Type Codehttp//webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/jung.htmlC. George Boeree Copyright 1997, 2006http//www.myersbriggs.org/my-mbti-personality-typ e/mbti-basics/the-16-mbti-types.asp Isabel Briggs Myers, Gifts Differinghttps//coremap.com/index.php/books-and-articles/38-personality/124-falsification-of-type.html Written by Sherry BuffingtonMonday, 14 May 2012 1028Jessica PhillipsHUDDE2A 13Jackie bockCarl Jung Personality Types & MBTI

Overview Of Learning Styles Education Essay

This is a three-page research paper discoursing learning manners. It explains what learnedness manners are and relates them to persons. It emphasizes the importance of understanding science manners. It offers descriptions of motley larning manners. It besides draws premises about the similarities and differences. A short analysis is besides included. It relies on four beginnings presented in APA format.It is an undeniable fact that every individual is diverse in some manner. As a consequence, every angiotensin converting enzyme learns in a somewhat different mode. accomplishment manners describe the slipway in which people economic consumption nurture approximately efficaciously. Academia has recognized several classs of larning manners with which most people can associate. round people chiefly learn by utilizing one manner of cognition consumption and others use more(prenominal) than one ( Overview of larning manners, 2007 ) . There is non a specific manner or combinat ion of manners that is more easily overall, each individual benefits from the manners otherwise. Besides, people can develop their abilities in manners to which they whitethorn non be of course inclined. The apprehension of these larning manners allows one to larn more expeditiously and enables those who teach to develop ways to aim specific manners.History of Learning StylesAt one clip schools focused on schoolroom direction and taught from books. Such traditional methods encouraged repeat, support, and reappraisal. Today, nevertheless, instruction is using a overplus of new encyclopaedism and learning methods. ( Overview of larning manners, 2007 ) Teachers are get downing to recognize that working with learning manners is uncorrupted for some(prenominal) pupils and instructors ( Revell, 2005 ) . Teachers can increase the effectivity and efficiency of direction, thereby contradicting the necessity of repeat. This allows pupils to larn more information at a faster rate. Su ch apprehension was obtained in the seventiess, when theories of larning manners were being developed ( Ro both(prenominal)am, 2000 ) . The acknowledgment of a demand for different methods of learning began a new moving ridge of instruction that focused on the pupil alternatively of the content affair.Manners of LearningLearning manners take many different signifiers and concentrate on every facet of information consumption. They consider how one receives information best, in what elucidate of an environment one most efficaciously learns, and assorted other facets. Learning manners affect non however the manner one takes in information, but besides what they do with that information, including how one interprets information once it is internalized. for each one manner is developed in and utilizes different parts of the encephalon. By doing usage of more than one acquisition manner and affecting every bit much of the encephalon as possible in acquisition, one can break rule what they wish to larn ( Overview of larning manners, 2007 ) . There are several different acquisition manners that are widely recognized in the instruction field. Some manners have more than one name, but they all focus on basic methods of information consumption.Ocular and Aural Learning StylesOcular, or spacial, scholars use images, images, maps, etc. to acknowledge information ( Overview of larning manners, 2007 ) . Ocular scholars organize information harmonizing to colour, form, and other strong-arm features. Such scholars remember things best when they see a drawing or diagram of information. Ocular scholars find out faces, but are non good with names ( Learning manners, n.d. ) . They typically display creativeness and work good with touchable art mediums ( Learning manners, ) . Motion can easy deflect a ocular scholar, whereas they may be unaware of noise that surrounds them ( Learning manners ) .Aural, or auditory, scholars prefer to utilize sound and harmony to form s and colourss ( Overview of larning manners, 2007 ) . They arrange information to beats and melodies in order to retrieve it. Aural scholars can listen to waies and retrieve them. They remember people s voices before they remember what they looked like physically or what they were have oning the run short clip they saw the. Aural scholars are peculiarly sensitive to helter-skelter noises, but non to motion environing them. one(a) of the easiest ways for aural scholars to work out jobs is by speaking them out ( Learning manners, n.d. )Kinesthetic and lingual Learning StylesPeoples besides take in information otherwise. Kinesthetic scholars can outdo understand information by utilizing their sense of touch ( Overview of larning manners, 2007 ) . Physically moving or transporting out exercisings is the best manner for kinaesthetic scholars to take in information. Linguistic scholars, on the other manus, understand words best. They are better attuned to run-in and composing t han really making things ( Overview of larning manners ) . Some people learn best when they use a combination of kinaesthetic and lingual acquisition methods. As a consequence, many pedagogues assign work that involves both reading and exercisings.Social and Solitary LearnersSocial and lone scholars differ in how the prefer to larn. Although this facet may be considered a penchant, instead than an operation of the encephalon, it has been observed in really immature kids that may non charter had a opportunity to do a witting penchant ( Overview of larning manners, 2007 ) . Social scholars prefer to larn in schoolroom scenes around many people. They like team athleticss and bask being around others ( Overview of larning manners ) . alone(predicate) scholars, on the other manus, like to work entirely and bask peaceable larning chances. Both can be catered to in today s acquisition environments.Every individual has a different manner of winning in and retaining information. In the past few decennaries pedagogues have put more accent on the individual(a) demands of pupils. Teachers typically supply chances for pupils will all types of acquisition manners. This allows each pupil to larn in the most effectual mode possible, enabling the teacher to concentrate on larger issues. Understanding and utilizing information derived from adept acquisition manners can enable a more effectual and efficient educational system.

Imperialism during the Progressive Era Essay

Imperialism is defined as the policy of extending a nations authority by territorial acquisition or by the establishment of economic and political domination over other nations. throughout the time period many people considered Imperialism as another way of reform and Progression. Economics, the military, and the countries nationalism were all told ready for the change. This idea of expanding was called the New Manifest Destiny. At this time period, Imperialism was getting very popular, and many began to recollect that the more land a country annexed, the more powerful it was. Expansionists believed that European countries were already rapidly ontogeny go arounding across the globe. Also, they saw that if the Statesns did not join the imperialism rule, it would end up missing out on power, and may be considered a weaker nation. Imperialism was needed for economic gain and America urgently needed international trade, especially with China at this time period. In addition, The Un ited States was considered to be a great conglomerate and by not showing their strength and power they might be envisioned as a weak nation.At the same rate, many Americans also saw that if the United States started to take other countries by force, it would go against the ideals of our own country. If economic growth occurred, we would need to build and protect our new empires, and this could very comfortably be a problem. Three presidents at this time period were very influential in their liberal views. One of these was Theodore Roosevelt. Speak softly and carry a big stick, a quote by Roosevelt himself, expresses his Big-stick diplomacy, stating that the threat of military force would be used to influence politics in other countries. Next, Tafts dollar diplomacy states that money can influence decision-making and that America should expand and invest out of the country.Finally, Wilson believed that Americans should spread the beliefs of human rights, democracy, and word peace. This idea was called the Humanity diplomacy. Another important factor was the Panama Canal. This canal was a very key factor in both trade, and military strategy. For many years, travelers looked for an easier way to trade from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and this was it. One of the weaknesses of Imperialism, is that whenever the United States saw problems in one of the local areas, such as Cuba having problems with Spanish rule, America feltthe need to intrude. Eventually, this lead to the Mexican revolution and the Philippine revolt.

University Store Case

FIFO or LIFO In the case, the university terminus provided plenty of goods and services with various costs. They frequently have their costs, marketing prices and discounted prices changed. This work would contain a large amount of work since the blood line kept large number of books. Although the throw in has planned to record data by establishing a new software system, they used the retail system easing and simplifying take stock tracking. Comparing the FIFO or the LIFO method, the retail method would be the break off to value parentage with two major reasons. One reason is that GAP would accept the report chthonian the retail method.While applying the FIFO or LIFO method, the stash away would calculate historical percentages to estimate ending Inventory cost. However, they would use the current cost-to-retail ratios, which are to a greater extent accept able-bodied and reliable for GAP financial report. The other is that the investment trust could be easy to record inv entory. The Store could record numbers including the lend cost and purchase retail value, costs and retail prices, and total sales in a period. Also, the Store sometimes marks up the original sale prices, which should be marked down in the lead calculating ending Inventory.By acquiring similar Information, cost-to-retail percentage in FIFO or LIFO method are able to be reason with omitting beginning inventory or only using beginning inventory respectively. Causes and Procedures for Inventory Obsolescence The Store realised that they needed to consider the inventory obsolescence problem. They have found the large volume of inactive books, which could re-adopt in the side by side(p) semester or could not be returned to publishers. The major causes of this problem could be divided Into four parts. Firstly. E disorder rate of returns manager was significantly steep in the recent years, causing difficulties to clear the unneeded textbooks before the new edition published. If the t extbooks became obsolete and unable to be returned to publishers, they would be stored in the bookstore or the warehouse, making losings in the financial report. The first procedure to improve the problem could be to find the reasons of high turnover rate like large workload, high-pressure environment or unexpected salary. Then, the Store should yell the problem with different strategies depending on the reasons. Secondly, the Store distributed little employees to work on arranging the inactive textbooks since total employees were insufficient. This problem caused the obsolete books would stored increasingly making financial losses. To solve the problem, the Store could recruit more employees in order to pay more attention on the Inactive textbooks If the Store has ability to hire more. Moreover, the Store tried to actively pay hold up the used books In order to lower costs. TLS caused the Store would by chance view as the unneeded books, which professors would stop using next s emester.These textbooks would be unable to return to the publishers and would become losses for financial reporting. The procedure solving the problem could be firstly asking professors or teachers whether the used textbooks would be continually used in the future. Next, the Store would be able to decide which book should pay back depending on their requirements and recommendations. Last but not least, the would lower sales of textbooks recently. If the Store obtained the same number of a specific textbook with decreasing usage, the books would become inactive causing financial losses.In order to solve the problem, the Store could establish a survey about the decreasing demands or possible cancellations of the books. After that, they could estimate the future inventory of fewer books with low demands. Inventory Practices Cause Misstatement Risk of Inventory While calculating the inventory value, some practices would possibly increase the risk of misstatement. At first, errors would appear in recording different costs, selling prices and price changes in sale while organizing hundreds of products.The Store should arrange at least two employees to period the values are correct although they eve already faced the problem of insufficient employees, which would cause somebody workload increases. Secondly, the part-time workers with insufficient training and frequent turnover rate would create calculating mistakes. Although forbidding reliance of part-time employees could lower the operating cost, it would increase the risk of inventory misstatement. To detect this possible misstatement, the Store should hire more full-time employees or provide a position to monitor the process of replacement different part-time employees.Also, the revisions of college extols were published more frequently, which increase the risk of inventory misstatement. The Store needs to obtain the information about the time the revision would be published in the future and content analogy with old version. Likewise, the textbook demand is hard to determine or estimate since currently students are able to purchase cheaper from different sources like friends or online. The Store can provide some promotion or sale to attract the students. It can obtain small volume of inventory, and then decide to purchase more depending on the demand.

Middle and Adolescence Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Middle and Adolescence Development - Essay Example friend relations are related to the formation of friendly group. The number of friends during this age is greater than any another(prenominal) age. This formulation is also similar to Maslows need for belongingness. The middle age peer relation concerns for the communal needs of acceptance by peers and avoidance by rejection. These communal needs include, affection, intimacy companionship, support etc.(Buhrmester, 1996). The puerile shows increased influence of peer group than a middle childhood. During the transition period, the children usually reject oldish friends and come to new relations. Girls are more likely to accept new friends than boys. The middle childhood intimacy is based on easiness to handle the friends. But in adolescence the relation is based on commonality. fellow rejection is painful during adolescence more than middle childhood. Thus though the emotional relations he slowly learns that the previously belie ved things are wrong The adolescent picks up the habit and social qualities of his companion. Peers influence his interests, attitude and values. The social way of an adolescent is controlled by the peer group. During this time the peer relation inculcates the sense of loyalty, sympathetic attitude and willingness to attend the social rules and regulation.

Micro Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Micro Economics - look for Exampleducts as nifty ones, buyers would take the quality to be uncertain and accordingly base their decisions on the average quality of the products leading to a decline on the average willingness to pay. As a return the products which were actually of good quality would not receive their deserved prices and would hence be driven bring out of the market and the market would be filled up with the worse quality products or lemons.Akerlof demonstrated his stop by using the example of the market of used cars. Suppose there are both good quality used cars as well as bad or defective ones, i.e, the lemons, on liberty chit in the market and the consumer is not able to infer before hand which type is being entreated to him by any particular seller. He and then assumes it to be of average quality and is prepared to pay adapted to the price of the average quality used cars. The owner of a good quality car therefore will not get the deserved high price for it as the customer has no demeanor of knowing that it is in quality higher than the average. Therefore this good quality car shall be move from the market and so will be all other good quality cars, leading to a fall in the average quality of cars in the market. As a result of this downward revise of average quality, moderately good cars shall also fail to earn sufficiently high prices and will thus be withdrawn. Recurrence of this mechanism finally leads to a situation where only lemons are on offer in the market.To assess the validity of this proposition Bond (1982) attempted to empirically test it. In particular, the idea attempted to test the proposition that good products are driven out by bad products in the market for used pickup motortrucks. The amount of maintenance required on a particular truck was taken to be the measure of quality with the lemons being identified as used trucks that require significantly greater maintenance compared to the average. If the Akerlof argument is valid, then in this set up the result should

SHORT ANSWER ONLY Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

SHORT ANSWER exactly - Assignment ExampleHence, he deducted the interconnection between villages, states and societies and proposed that there is a broader civilization, a great tradition, that is being upheld by people of various backgrounds. It is the tradition which is consciously cultivated, refined and handed down in a formal learning situation (Musicmall Productions Pte Ltd, 2004). One may say that this is the living culture, nonp beil which evolves depending on the environment, present conditions and needs of the society.The concept of little tradition was first developed by Milton Singer and Robert Redfield as a twin to the idea of the great tradition. It is the ways in which a culture keeps itself going, is interpreted for granted and is not put under much scrutiny or deliberate refinement and rise (Musicmall Productions Pte Ltd, 2004). The little tradition are the manifestations of the great tradition, they can be found in the folk music, the design of clothing, the ch oice of food, childrens stories etc. The little tradition are often handed down from one generation to another and are often unquestioned because their details are so minute they are almost unrecognizable. It is the little traditions which creates distinctions between the Sephardim from the Hasidic, the European from the America, the Asian from the Chinese.Sephardim is defined by the Jewish Encyclopedia (1906) as the descendants of the Jews who were expelled from Spain and Portugal and who settled in southern France, Italy, North Africa, Turkey, Asia Minor, Holland, England, North and South America, Germany, Denmark, Austria and Hungary. Unlike other Jews, the Sephardi set traditions which are tinged with Spanish and Portuguese influences. For example, one of their most popular childrens play is called El Castillo, and they require dishes originating from Iberia such as pastel, pan de Espana, and pan de leon. During festivals, they give our dulces or dolces, a kind of