Police Brutality Law Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Police Brutality Law - investigate Paper ExampleBesides, various states and regions have come up with their own practice of law heinousness laws. For example, in Minnessotta, Police brutality not only entails excessive apply of essence by police, but likewise entails unnecessary gun use, beating civilians with fists, utilize batons to beat civilians, choking, unnecessary and inappropriate use of pepper spray, using police dogs inappropriately, body slamming against hard surfaces, abuse of the rights of a prisoner, and the unnecessary and inappropriate use of tasers by police (Johnson 26). Police brutality laws Police brutality laws not only apply to police officers, but withal apply to sheriffs, detectives, security guards and many deputies. The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) relates that violations by law enforcement officers may be categorized under use of unwarranted excessive force, verbal abuse, racial-profiling, harassment and discrimination however, all these s ubsections denote police abuse and brutality. Any police officer in the US who uses undue excessive force on civilians violates the 5th and fourteenth Amendments of the US Constitution. The Fifth Amendment is used by US courts when guarding against unreasonable searches and seizures in various police brutality cases. The 5th Amendment guarantees that civilians have freedom from any unreasonable searches and seizures. Using this amendment, adjudicate and advocates have argued that law enforcement officers need not cause harm to citizens. The US Supreme Court states that the contrive reasonable implies that various situations need various amounts of force, and as a result of this excessive force should in all circumstances be avoided. Apart from protecting against police brutality, the 5th Amendment also requires that no undivided should be compelled to be ones own witness in criminal proceeding (Mary 47). The ordinal Amendment requires that no state in the US shall enact and enfo rce laws that be repugnant to the privileges and immunities of American citizens. The 14th Amendment further states that no State has the right of depriving American Citizens liberty, life or property without following rightful(a) procedures. This implies that all citizens are required to appear before judicial bodies whenever they are suspected to have contravened the law. Therefore, use of excessive force by police violates the 14th Amendment because it is a way of punishing civilians before they are actually tried before judicial systems (Walker, Spohn & Delone 49). Apart from the 4th and 14th Amendments, there are different laws that have been passed in the past, and these have ensured that police brutality should not be condoned. The sixth Amendment stipulates that people impeach of criminal activities are accorded rights to an attorney, rights to speedy trials and impartial jury and right to confront or even cross-examine accusers. The 6th Amendment is helpful where the ac cused is beaten or forced to make a confession so that he can be prosecuted. This amendment also protects individuals who are accused by use of evidence that culminated from illegal searches and seizures. The one-eighth Amendment is important in that it protects all inmates from excessive force and unusual punishments. Therefore, whenever one is convicted of a crime, police brutality invokes the application of

Materials for Snowboard Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Materials for Snow instrument panel - Essay ExampleIt had a set attached to the front tip of the snurfer (board) which offered the botherr some control, and thither were steel tacks poking through the focal ratio deck for putting the riders feet in place. Snowboarding then gradually started gaining popularity in the 1970s and 80s, when Snowboarding pioneers like Dimitrije Milovich, (East Coast surfer), and Jake Burton Carpenter expose new snowboard designs, related materials and machineries. The development has been quite phenomenal since then. By the end of 20th century there atomic number 18 hardly any Ski-resorts around the world without the snowboarding facility. This game has so far gained more popularity in Europe and USA, with rapid stride in other parts of the world as well.Snowboards are more often than not similar in construction with exception to some tooling modifications. Some designers think that Cap Construction enhances butt on hold on hard snow and generally improves board responsiveness while others contend that caps are harder to repair if the sidewall is damaged. Both types have proved their merits though.Snowboards are categorized into groups like race, alpine, all-mountain/all-around/free-riding and half-pipe/free-style depending upon the style of snowboarding. Snowboards are fabricated from advanced composite materials. Composites are combinations of two materials. One of the materials, called the reinforcing phase, is in the form of fibers, sheets, or particles, and is plant in the other material/s called the matrix phase. The reinforcing material and the matrix material can be metal, ceramic, or polymer. Typically, reinforcing materials are strong with low densities while the matrix is usually a ductile, or tough, material. The eight main materials in a snowboard areTopsheet with printed graphic Fiber glass or epoxy forest or foam core Steel inserts Plastic mingy, (P-tex) Metal edges Resin Sytsem (glue) Rubber Foil soma of S nowboardThe length of metal edge on the Snowboard which touches the snow is the effective part that is used to make a turn. So, it does not include the edge of the tip and tail. The effective edge is in get together with the snow when the board is in a carved turn. A longer effective edge makes for a more stable, controlled ride a shorter effective edge makes for a looser, easier turning board. Contact points are the points at which the board makes contact with the snow without the pressure of the rider being displaced on the board. This is excessively called the boards wheel base.Snowboard construction also differs in the type of materials used in several layers. A Snowboard is constructed in the following steps i. A layer of UHMW (Ultra High Molecular Weight) polyethylene or plastic commonly known as P-Tex (its home run name) is placed at the bottom of the board. This provides the slippery surface that makes the snowboard slide on snow. During the winter months wax is added to this base to keep it running fast.ii. This

Equity and Common Law Master Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Equity and Common Law Master - Essay ExampleWhen the frequent rectitude developed the strictures of the writ system through the twelfth and xiii centuries and failed to develop further remedies. By thirteen century aggrieved litigants to beg to the chancellor to find a more just solution to their problem. Chancellor was seek to give relief in hard cases, and the medieval chancellor was peculiarly well fitted for this work. Chancellor was ordinarily an ecclesiastic. If the petition was successful, the chancellors conclusion would usually be different from that which the uncouth fairness homage would have reached other the matter would have been litigant at common law. As a consequence of growth of these petitions, the greet of Chancery had developed, where the decisions were made on the basis of fairness and reason. Thus the notion of equity was established as a precise jurisdiction.The common law tradition grew in to the ELS3 through a want process of rationalisation of traditions, customs and local practices among other different elements most occurring in the medieval time. The Anglo-Saxon customs were on that point before the Norman Conquest, but afterwards were joined with Royal Justice in a consolidation of local laws and a vast body of judicial decisions have been built up which forms much of the present law. The common law has developed by the judges during the centuries immediately after the Norman Conquest. Customs have long influence since ceased to be any major significance in forming new laws. Slapper, G. and D. Kelly (2006) said that the common law system develops whereby a civil dispute had to be brought before the appropriate Royal Court by a writ. A submitant could only sue at common law if his complaint came within the chain of mountains of an existing writ. In the thirteen century available writs covered very narrow ground. Even if the claim came within the scope of an existing writ, it may have been that for some reason, suc h as the power and influence of the defendant, his opponent could not get justice before a common law court. Latter the petition was used to obtain relief in cases where the common law was inflexible and incapable of providing a remedy. Hanbury & Martin (2005) argued that the common law developed into a comprehensive system, but a litigant could only sue at common law if his complaint came within the scope of an existing writ. However, the systems quickly become rigid because judges, fearing a flood at actions as a result of the popularity of the royal justice, stopped issuing new forms of action. As a result, this attitude proved to be a majored obstacle to the development of new rules and principles.Initially this cooccur of the two systems led to conflict. The common law courts would make an order in favour of one troupe and the Court of Chancery would make an order in favour of other party. This conflict was finally pertinacious in the Earl of Oxfords case4 when the King rule d that equity should prevail. In this case the court of common law consistent the payment of a debt. The debt had already been paid, but the deed giving rise to the obligation had not been cancelled. The court of equity was prepared to grant an order prevent in this and rectifying the deed. Some limited steps were interpreted

HOW DOES INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS SUCH AS WORLD TRADE Research Paper

HOW DOES INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS SUCH AS WORLD great deal ORGANIZATION (WTO), EUROPEAN UNION (EU) AND NORTH AMERICA - Reoceanrch Paper ExampleFree distribute has highly devastated American industries and American jobs at large. The Senator Barrack Obama in 2007 indicated his believe in loosen deal (Raskin, et al. 42). He however acknowledged that the burdens that came with this plenty highly outweighed the do goods especially for millions of Americans. The trade has contributed to adverse working conditions. developing countries will want to cut down on costs in a bid to benefit from price advantages but on the other hand, m whatever employees in the respective countries end up lining low pay, bad working conditions and forced labor including abusive child labor. As underdeveloped countries try on to cut costs to gain a price advantage, many workers in these countries face low pay, lacking(p) working conditions and even forced labor and abusive child labor. Yet the WTO states that it does not consider a manufacturers treatment of workers reason for countries to bar importation of that manufacturers products. The WTO however notes that developing countries insist any attempt to include working conditions in trade agreements is meant to end their cost advantage in the realism market. This trade often contributes to environmental damage. An increase of corporate farms in developing countries tends to increase pesticide and energy use, and in turn host countries ignore costly environmental standards. The Global Development and Environmental Institute, however, find the environmental impact mixed. The WTO is criticized for not allowing barriers to imports based on inadequate environmental standards in countries where goods are produced (Richardson 76-9). Yet the WTO points to its rule in the 1990s allowing a U.S. ban on shrimp imports be consume fishing methods threatened endangered sea turtles outside U.S. borders. The extent to which en vironmental standards should be considered in free trade is an ongoing debate at bottom the WTO. The trade agreements tend to draw protests from the U.S. public as a result of feared job loss to contrasted countries with cheaper labor. Yet proponents of free trade say new agreements help to improve the parsimony on each side. There is no clear picture of whether the trade significantly affects U.S. employment levels, given all the economic forces that affect job rates. Proponents of free trade contend that even if the economies of developing nations improve under free trade, those economies are still too small to have any real effect on the U.S. economy and job market (Goldstein 21). Unions have strongly criticized the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) among the United States, Mexico and Canada as critically harmful to workers and the U.S. economy. The AFL-CIO argues NAFTA has harmed consumers and workers thereby contributing to a loss of jobs and drop in income whil e strengthening the clout of multinational corporations. The unions contend that the increased capital mobility facilitated by free trade has hurt the environment and weakened government regulations. The Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), reports that many economists agree NAFTA has caused close to overall improvement in U.S. jobs but with harmful side effects. Free trade can cause turbulence in sectors of a domestic economy, such as long-established

The Use of the Internet as a Social Activity and Self-expression Essay

The Use of the Internet as a Social Activity and Self-expression - Essay Exampless the statement the internet has presented individuals with real possibilities for self-expression, conversation and seminal work. To appreciate its relevance, a brief history of the origins of the Internet would initially be discussed. Other various uses of the Internet, forth from the focal points, would also be presented.What is exciting in this technological development is that it has not stopped evolving and in that respect is still a vast future ahead. A lot of stakeholders have the desire to continue their pastime to discover new applications and uses which would define the future of the Internet. However, the consequences of information overload and accessibility to data have severe effects on the traditional concepts of culture. Our way of life, due to the technology provided by the Internet, will never be the same.written by J.C.R. Licklider of MIT in August 1962. According to Leiner, et.a l. (2003), the history of the Internet revolves around four unambiguous aspects the technological aspect, operational and management aspect, social aspect, and commercialization aspect.The emergence of new media technologies such as the cable, major planet and the Internet has a tremendous impact on the traditional forms of mass media. In a have got on Media and Cultural Theory, Freedman wrote that a combination of technological innovations (concerning digitization) and cultural shifts (towards a much individualist consumer society) appear to have handed new media technologies a competitive advantage over their predecessors (Internet Transformations, 275). With more and more people utilizing the Internet for various purposes, there had been significant declines in primetime viewing of broadcast networks and circulations in magazines and broadsheets.The Internet boasts of a variety of uses for a wide range of clientele. From among the famous users of the Internet, our teenagers o f today are seen to be the primary consumers of the Internet. A study

Perspectives Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Perspectives - interrogation Paper ExampleIt might be of some interest to note that that not only sort but also learning was not given much importance by early daytime psychologists. Possibly they concluded that behavior was something that could neither be quantified nor categorized and thus did not merit each special investigation. However, at the beginning of twentieth century some psychologists felt that behavior indeed identifies a man and makes him stand out in his interactions with fellow humans and therefore can very easy be considered as an outward manifestation of an individuals psychological constitution. Though, they did agree that it cannot quantified and thus cannot be measured or compared in absolute terms. gum olibanum, a small band of psychologists took it upon themselves to study behavior in intricate detail while the majority continued to stick to the earlier stance of not braggart(a) behavior that much importance. In this paper the perspectives of Watson, Sk inner and Tolman are compared and contrasted and an attempt has been made to relate their perspectives to unexampled day approach to psychological science as a separate discipline. John B. Watson Watson is widely believed to be the catch of the term behaviorism and is credited with the introduction, or should we say, infiltration of this term in mainstream psychology. Watson also took a clear adamant stand in the age old nature versus nurture debate in that he believed that nurture, which is, how a person is brought up and his experiences since childhood, plays a distinct role in shaping his approach and military position and nature has very little role to play in such formation. As a create of his contention, he conducted the famous experiment of white rat and how fear got instilled in the psyche of Little Albert when a loud frightening sound accompanied every time the rat was shown to the child. As a farther proof of his contention, in a slightly changed scenario, he showed t he white rat to the child who was struck with a steel obstacle a little while after he detect the white rat. Thus fear acquired two connotations to Albert, one is the sight of the white rat and the other was the sound of his crying as he was struck by a steel bar. By this combined exposure to conditioned remark of the white rat and unconditioned stimulus of getting struck by a steel bar Albert was conditioned to be perpetually afraid of white rat. Watson reasoned that fears that are conditioned remain with a person and modify his behavior for the rest of his life (Leary, 2004). By the end of the first decade of 20th century Watson published his classical treatise Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It where he made a tersely woven logical case for behavior to be considered as an integral part of psychological analysis. He started his argument with the assumption that was never doubted or challenged by any scholar that psychology is a scientific discipline on its own merit. As psy chology is a separate science it needs to be based on empirical data that could be independently verified through experiments. Facts that are observed during experiments are by definition observable and could be codified. The only publicly observable aspect of psychology is behavior and not consciousness that can neither be observed nor codified. Therefore, the most popular order at that time of studying consciousness, that is, introspection cannot be termed as a scientific

Can the United States Continue to Run Current Account Deficits Essay

Can the united States Continue to Run Current Account Deficits Indefinitely - Essay Exampleates like China and lacquer have afforded the joined States with inflows that have made it possible for the United States to increase its current account deficit.However, analysts argon of the opinion that the rising level of United States current account deficit whitethorn become unsustainable and barbaric thus make the large foreign investors consider shifting their investments in the United States loan securities off to other nations. It is also likely that the consequence of the persistent United States foreign debt may be making it a politically weak nation and reliant to large investors like China.According to Carbaugh (2011), the purchase of the United States current account deficit can continue indefinitely because the desire of foreigners for the American loan assets may not stop. The United States has a history of having run current account deficits continuously from 1820 to 1875 (McKinnon, 2001). Its economic maturement by then solely re primary(prenominal)ed reliant to foreign debts. Furthermore, the United States saving rate is lower than that of its main trading partners like China and Japan. All these factors make the United States current deficit likely to be persistent indefinitely as long as they remain